bann (wedding banns)

Not as in one title 'wedding bands'.

battle surgeons

From 1660 every British Army regiment had a Medical Officer known as the Regimental Surgeon who was responsible for the health of the regiment's troops during peace and war. Care on a battlefield was known as 'field surgery', so one might use the term field surgeon. 

bourbon - the hero in a short story sees "...a bottle of brown liquid. The stuff looked very much like a bourbon of some sort." The hero is NOT a colonial American so why didn't he see something that looked very much like 'cognac' or 'whisky' the two most popular 'brown' coloured spirits of the Regeency period?

candy

Commonly attributed to US and Canadian English, was largely unheard of in the UK prior to the influx of GIs in World War II. 

Generic UK English synonym was in the Regency period and still is sweets - confectionary is only used by specialist confectioners.

cookie

The standard online etymological entry is something like: First recorded instance of usage (1703), American English, from Dutch 'koekje' (little cake).

The English synonym was, in the Regency period, and still is a 'biscuit'.

To get a feel for Regency period biscuits and when they were served, and as accompaniment for what

Either use this link or if it fails - copy/paste:

Ivan Day independent social historian of food culture and also a professional chef and confectioner

into your web-browser and look for foodhistorjottings.blogspot.com and specifically the entry for Wednesday 11 2013 

You'll be amazed.

dime is a new carpet tack, spoken in the phrase 'mortgaged every dime'. I would suggest an English aristocrat would refer to 'penny'.